This study analyzed the in vitro activity of 37 EOs extracted from Vietnamese plants against Leishmania mexicana mexicana. Therefore, a clear knowledge of the EO composition is necessary. This chemical variability can influence their activities or adverse effects. Moreover, the major component of an EO can also vary in different chemotypes of the same plant species. However, EOs are complex mixtures of several compounds and their compositions vary according to many factors, such as plant’s environment and growing conditions, methods of harvesting, extraction and storage. (a synonym of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemant) or Bixa orellana L. Several EOs showed interesting potential to be used as new anti-parasitic drugs such as those extracted from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Interestingly, topical application, the most frequent way to administer EOs, is recommended to be explored for the development of new anti-leishmanial drugs targeting CL because of their effectiveness and safety. There are more and more studies on EOs biological activity because they are usually devoid of long-term genotoxic risks. They are known to be biologically active, mainly possessing antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Įssential oils (EOs), also known as volatile oils, are natural products formed by a mixture of volatile compounds produced by many plants. In advanced cases, it can lead to the ulcerative destruction of the nose (such as perforation of the nasal septum), mouth, and pharynx. Lesions can spread from the skin to the mucosal surfaces of the nose or the mouth, leading to chronic stuffiness, bleeding, and inflamed mucosa or sores. peruviana, is usually more severe and lasts longer than that in the Old World, which is caused by L. Conversely, if the disease becomes chronic, there is a high risk of severe bacterial infection. In cases of ulcers healing, they leave permanent deep scars, which often cause a serious social prejudice. These lesions are sometimes self-healing without treatment, or become chronic. Skin lesions, the clinical signs of CL, develop within several weeks or months after exposure. Infected female phlebotomine sand flies inject these parasites from their proboscis to human when they take their blood meals. It contained 86.5% eugenol, which was demonstrated to be effective on Lmm with IC 50 of 2.57 ± 0.57 nL/mL and not toxic on mammalian cells, explaining the observed activity.ĬL is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania ( L.) genus. However, they also showed cytotoxicity with SI 10. Our results indicated that EOs extracted from Cinnamomum cassia, Zingiber zerumbet, Elsholtzia ciliata and Amomum aromaticum, possessed a moderate anti-leishmanial activity, with IC 50 values of 2.92 ± 0.08, 3.34 ± 0.34, 8.49 ± 0.32 and 9.25 ± 0.64 nL/mL respectively. Their composition was determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. Active EOs were also analyzed for cytotoxicity on mammalian cell lines (WI38, J774) and their selectivity indices (SI) were calculated. In our researches for new safe and effective treatments, thirty-seven essential oils (EOs) extracted from Vietnamese plants were screened in vitro for the first time on Leishmania mexicana mexicana (Lmm) promastigotes at the maximum concentration of 50 nL/mL. Up to 16 players can play on it via LAN and over the Internet.Leishmania mexicana is one of the pathogens causing cutaneous leishmaniasis which is associated with patient morbidity. Go inside with friends or take on enemies in a bloody deathmatch. Meet face-to-face with Knight Archers, Fire Imps, Were-Jaguars, Skull Wizards, and more.Smash stained glass windows, collapse structural beams and pulverize trees. Make your way through four demon-infested worlds – Middle Ages, Egyptians, Mesoamericans and Romans.With experience, gain levels, more hit points and certain skills that apply to your specific character class, such as increased speed, firepower and jump distance. Have different spells, powers and 32 new weapons. Experience the real, polygon-based modeling of the Quake Engine for the most realistic, detailed environments ever seen in 3D games.As a necromancer, assassin, crusader or paladin, you must defeat the dark generals and their infernal legions before you can face the archfiend and try to end his voracious attack. The last known Serpent Rider, Eidolon, is alive. They are death, pestilence, famine and war. The four horsemen of the apocalypse lurk in the shadows before you.
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